到了70年代，集成电路技术的引入极大地降低了计算机生产成本，计算机也从此开始走向千家万户。1972年以后的计算机习惯上被称为第四代计算机。基于大规模集成电路，及后来的超大规模集成电路。1972年4月1日 INTEL推出8008微处理器。1976年Stephen Wozinak和Stephen Jobs创办苹果计算机公司。并推出其Apple I 计算机。1977年5月 Apple II 型计算机发布。1979年6月1日 INTEL发布了8位元的8088微处理器。
In general, the term network can refer to any interconnected group or system. Several different types of networks exist, including:
1. Human networks[Business network;Entrepreneurial network;Social network;Economic network;Old boy network; Sexual network ]
2. Media
Radio network, create and distribute radio programming through multiple channels that connect in a network
Television network, create and distribute television programming through multiple channels that connect in a network
Network (film), an Academy Award winning film from 1976
Nettwerk, a record label
The Network, a band
Network (comics), a name given to several Marvel Comics super heroes
Network (computer game), an economic simulation for the Apple II personal computer
3. Technology
Electrical network, a network of electrical components
Computer network, a network of computers
Computer networking, the scientific and engineering discipline concerned with this kind of network
Telecommunications network, a network of telecommunications links
Energy transmission and distribution networks
Electric power transmission network, a network of conduits for bulk transmission of electric power
Electricity distribution network, a network of conduits for delivery or short-haul transmission of electric power
Pipeline transport network, a network of pipes for transmission of gases, usually natural gas
Gas distribution network, a network of pipes for delivery of gases, usually natural gas or, formerly, town gas
Network Systems system network, a system of combined networks of main systems
4. Science, mathematics, and engineering
Network theory, the applied mathematics counterpart of graph theory, especially in combinatorial optimization
Flow network, an assignment of flow to the edges of a directed graph where each edge has a capacity
Network (mathematics), a type of diagraph in graph theory
Neural network, an interconnected group of biological neurons
Artificial neural network, an interconnected group of artificial neurons
5.Other
Transport network, facilities on which people and goods move
Spatial network, urban networks or networks of rooms within buildings
Network effect, a characteristic that causes a good or service to have a value to a potential customer dependent on the number of customers already owning that good or using that service
NETWORK (Catholic Lobby), a national Catholic social justice lobbying group based in Washington, DC.作者: Alvin. 时间: 2008-1-31 20:47 标题: 知识普及:网络
一个网络可以由两台计算机组成，也可以拥有在同一大楼里面的上千台计算机和使用者。我们通常指这样的网络为局域网(LAN， Local Area Network)，由LAN再延伸出去更大的范围，比如整个城市甚至整个国家，这样的网络我们称为广域网(WAN， Wide Area Network)，当然您如果要再仔细划分的话，还可以有MAN(Metropolitan Area Network) 和 CAN(Citywide Area Network)，这些网络都需要有专门的管理人员进行维护。
其实，最早出现的名词应该是 Internet，然后人民将 Internet 的概念和技巧引入到内部的私人网络，可以是独立的一个 LAN 也可以是专属的 WAN ，于是就称为 Intranet 了。它们之间的最大分别是：开放性。Internet 是开放的，不属于任何人，只要能连接得到您就属于其中一员，也就能获得上面开放的资源；相对而言，Intranet 则是专属的、非开放的，它往往存在于于私有网络之上，只是其结构和服务方式和设计，都参考 Internet 的模式而已。作者: Alvin. 时间: 2008-1-31 20:49 标题: 知识普及:网络
